CapitalLjubljana
Population2,097,893
Area20,273 km²
GDP per capita$48,500
LanguagesSlovene, Croatian, Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Hungarian , Italian , other or unspecified
Currencyeuros
Life Expectancy82.2 yr
GovernmentParliamentary system of governance
Introduction
Background
The Slovene lands were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the latter's dissolution at the end of World War I. In 1918, Slovenia became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, which was renamed Yugoslavia in 1929. After World War II, Slovenia joined Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia as one of the constituent republics in the new Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). In 1990, Slovenia held its first multiparty elections, as well as a referendum on independence. Serbia responded with an economic blockade and military action, but after a short 10-day war, Slovenia declared independence in 1991. Slovenia acceded to both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004; it joined the euro zone and the Schengen Area in 2007.
Geography
Area
land
20,151 sq km
water
122 sq km
total
20,273 sq km
Climate
The coastal region experiences a Mediterranean climate, while the plateaus and valleys to the east have a continental climate characterized by warm to hot summers and cold winters.
Terrain
The southwestern coastline features a brief stretch of Karst topography along the Adriatic Sea; to the north, an alpine mountain region borders Italy and Austria, and to the east, there are mixed mountains and valleys interspersed with numerous rivers.
Land use
other
10.8% (2023 est.)
forest
61.8% (2023 est.)
agricultural land
30.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 8.9% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 2.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 18.8% (2023 est.)
Location
Located in south Central Europe, the Julian Alps lie between Austria and Croatia.
Coastline
46.6 km
Elevation
lowest point
Adriatic Sea 0 m
highest point
Triglav 2,864 m
mean elevation
492 m
Irrigated land
50 sq km (2022)
Map references
Europe
Land boundaries
total
1,211 km
border countries
Austria shares a border of 299 km; Croatia has a border of 600 km; Hungary has a border of 94 km; Italy has a border of 218 km.
Maritime claims
territorial sea
12 nm
Natural hazards
The region is susceptible to flooding and earthquakes.
Geography - note
Despite its modest size, this eastern Alpine nation oversees several significant transit routes across Europe.
Natural resources
Natural resources include lignite, lead, zinc, construction stone, hydropower, and forests.
Area - comparative
It is marginally smaller than the state of New Jersey.
Geographic coordinates
46 07 N, 14 49 E
Population distribution
Population distribution is relatively uniform across most parts of the country, with urban centers drawing larger and denser populations; however, the mountainous northwest has less density.
Major watersheds (area sq km)
Atlantic Ocean drainage
(Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)
People & Society
Languages
Languages
Slovene (official) 87.7%, Croatian 2.8%, Serbo-Croatian 1.8%, Bosnian 1.6%, Serbian 1.6%, Hungarian 0.4% (official, only in municipalities where Hungarian nationals reside), Italian 0.2% (official, only in municipalities where Italian nationals reside), other or unspecified 3.9% (2002 est.)
major-language sample(s)
Svetovni informativni zvezek - neobhoden vir osnovnih informacij. (Slovene)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions
Catholic 69%, Orthodox 4%, Muslim 3%, Christian 1%, other 3%, atheist 14%, non-believer/agnostic 4%, refused to answer 2% (2019 est.)
Sex ratio
at birth
1.04 male(s)/female
0-14 years
1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years
1.09 male(s)/female
total population
1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
65 years and over
0.78 male(s)/female
Birth rate
7.52 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
11.2 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Median age
male
45 years
total
46 years (2025 est.)
female
47.9 years
Population
male
1,051,044
total
2,097,893 (2024 est.)
female
1,046,849
Nationality
noun
Slovene(s)
adjective
Slovenian
Tobacco use
male
19.3% (2025 est.)
total
17.3% (2025 est.)
female
15.3% (2025 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
56.1% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
0.54% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years
14.3% (male 153,852/female 146,628)
15-64 years
62.5% (male 683,573/female 627,788)
65 years and over
23.2% (2024 est.) (male 213,619/female 272,433)
Ethnic groups
Slovene 83.1%, Serb 2%, Croat 1.8%, Bosniak 1.1%, other or unspecified 12% (2002 est.)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio
58.5 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio
22.8 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio
2.8 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio
35.7 (2024 est.)
Physician density
3.37 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
8.8% of GDP (2022)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
15% of national budget (2022 est.)
Net migration rate
2.09 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Hospital bed density
4.2 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)
Total fertility rate
1.49 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Drinking water source
improved: total
total: 99.5% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 0.5% of population (2022 est.)
Education expenditure
Education expenditure (% GDP)
5.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget)
11.1% national budget (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate
male
1.6 deaths/1,000 live births
total
1.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
female
1.4 deaths/1,000 live births
Population growth rate
-0.16% (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.73 (2025 est.)
Population distribution
a relatively uniform distribution across the majority of the country, with urban regions drawing in larger and more concentrated populations; areas in the mountainous northwest show lower density
Life expectancy at birth
male
79.4 years
female
85.2 years
total population
82.2 years (2024 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
3 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Sanitation facility access
improved: total
total: 99.2% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 0.8% of population (2022 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita
beer
4.54 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine
5.26 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
total
11.05 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits
1.26 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols
0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Major urban areas - population
286,000 LJUBLJANA (capital) (2018)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
20.2% (2016)
Mother's mean age at first birth
29 years (2020 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
47.2% (2021 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
male
17 years (2023 est.)
total
17 years (2023 est.)
female
18 years (2023 est.)
Environment
Climate
The coastal regions experience a Mediterranean climate, while the plateaus and valleys to the east are characterized by a continental climate featuring warm to hot summers and cold winters.
Geoparks
global geoparks and regional networks
Idrija; Karawanken / Karavanke (which includes Austria) (2023)
total global geoparks and regional networks
2
Land use
other
10.8% (2023 est.)
forest
61.8% (2023 est.)
agricultural land
30.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 8.9% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 2.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 18.8% (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
56.1% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
0.54% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Methane emissions
other
1.9 kt (2019-2021 est.)
waste
15.6 kt (2019-2021 est.)
energy
8.5 kt (2022-2024 est.)
agriculture
46.5 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually
1.052 million tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled
24.8% (2022 est.)
Environmental issues
Environmental issues include air pollution stemming from vehicular traffic, residential heating (specifically from wood burning), energy production, and industrial activities; water pollution; and the need for biodiversity conservation.
Total water withdrawal
municipal
179 million cubic meters (2022)
industrial
645 million cubic meters (2022)
agricultural
3.4 million cubic meters (2022)
Carbon dioxide emissions
total emissions
10.772 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas
1.545 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke
2.706 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids
6.521 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
14.1 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Total renewable water resources
31.87 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
International environmental agreements
party to
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified
none of the selected agreements
Government
Flag
description: consists of three equal horizontal stripes in white (top), blue, and red; the Slovenian coat of arms (depicting a shield with Triglav, the nation’s tallest mountain, in white on a blue field) is centered, beneath which are two wavy blue lines; on the upper-left, three six-pointed stars arranged in an inverted triangle are visible.
meaning: the wavy lines symbolize the seas and rivers; the colors are derived from the historical coat of arms of the Duchy of Carniola; the stars originate from the coat of arms of the Counts of Celje, a notable Slovene noble family.
Capital
name
Ljubljana
etymology
Traditionally, the name is associated with the Slovene term ljubljena, meaning "beloved," though its true origin likely predates the Slavic era and remains unclear.
time difference
UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
daylight saving time
+1hr, effective from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October
geographic coordinates
46 03 N, 14 31 E
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Citizenship
citizenship by birth
no
citizenship by descent only
At least one parent must hold Slovenian citizenship; if the child is born outside Slovenia, both parents must be citizens.
dual citizenship recognized
yes, for select cases
residency requirement for naturalization
10 years, the last 5 of which have been continuous
Constitution
history
Previously established in 1974 (prior to independence); most recent version ratified by Parliament on December 23, 1991.
amendment process
Initiatives can be proposed by a minimum of 20 members of the National Assembly, the government, or via a petition signed by at least 30,000 voters; to pass, a two-thirds majority in the Assembly is required; if at least 30 Assembly members agree, a referendum is necessary; for a referendum to be successful, a majority of eligible voters must participate along with a simple majority of the votes cast.
Country name
former
People's Republic of Slovenia, Socialist Republic of Slovenia
etymology
The name of the country translates to "Land of the Slavs" in Slovene; the etymology of the term Slav is uncertain, although early references appeared in Medieval Latin (Sclavus) and Byzantine Greek (Sklabos).
local long form
Republika Slovenija
local short form
Slovenija
conventional long form
Republic of Slovenia
conventional short form
Slovenia
Independence
25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)
Legal system
Civil law framework
Government type
Parliamentary system of governance
Judicial branch
highest court(s)
Supreme Court (composed of the court president and 37 judges divided into civil, criminal, commercial, labor and social security, administrative, and registry sections); Constitutional Court (includes the court president, vice president, and 7 judges).
subordinate courts
County, district, regional, and high courts; specialized courts for labor and social issues; Court of Audit; Administrative Court.
judge selection and term of office
The Supreme Court president and vice president are appointed by the National Assembly based on the proposal from the Minister of Justice, taking into account the recommendations from the Judicial Council, an independent body of 11 members elected by the National Assembly from suggestions made by the president, attorneys, law schools, and current judges; other Supreme Court judges are chosen by the National Assembly from candidates put forward by the Judicial Council; Supreme Court judges serve for life; judges of the Constitutional Court are appointed by the National Assembly based on nominations from the president of the republic; the president of the Constitutional Court is selected from its members for a term of 3 years; additional judges are elected for single 9-year terms.
Executive branch
cabinet
The Council of Ministers is nominated by the prime minister and elected by the National Assembly.
chief of state
President Natasa PIRC MUSAR (since 23 December 2022)
election results
2022: Natasa PIRC MUSAR was elected president in a second-round vote: first-round percentages - Anze LOGAR (SDS) 34%, Natasa PIRC MUSAR (independent) 26.9%, Milan BRGLEZ (SD) 15.5%, Vladimir PREBILIC (independent) 10.6%, Sabina SENCAR (Resni.ca) 5.9%, Janez CIGLER KRALJ (NSi) 4.4%, others 2.7%; second-round percentages - Natasa PIRC MUSAR 53.9%, Anze LOGAR 46.1%; Robert GOLOB (GS) was elected prime minister on May 25, 2022, with a National Assembly vote of 54-30.
2017: Borut PAHOR was reelected president in a second round; first-round percentages - Borut PAHOR (independent) 47.1%, Marjan SAREC (Marjan Sarec List) 25%, Romana TOMC (SDS) 13.7%, Ljudmila NOVAK (NSi) 7.2%, others 7%; second-round percentages - Borut PAHOR 52.9%, Marjan SAREC 47.1%.
head of government
Prime Minister Robert GOLOB (since 1 June 2022)
most recent election date
23 October 2022, with a runoff on 13 November 2022
election/appointment process
The president is elected directly through an absolute-majority popular vote in two rounds, if necessary, for a term of 5 years (eligible for a consecutive term); after National Assembly elections, the president typically nominates the leader of the majority party or coalition as prime minister, who is then elected by the National Assembly.
expected date of next election
2027
National holiday
Independence Day/Statehood Day, 25 June (1991)
National color(s)
white, blue, red
National heritage
total World Heritage Sites
5 (3 cultural, 2 natural)
selected World Heritage Site locales
Škocjan Caves (n); Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe (n); Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the Alps (c); Heritage of Mercury: Almadén and Idrija (c); The works of Jože Plečnik in Ljubljana (c)
Political parties
Democratic Party of Pensioners of Slovenia or DeSUS
Freedom Movement or GS (previously the Greens Actions Party or Z.DEJ)
List of Marjan Sarec or LMS
New Slovenia - Christian Democrats or NSi
Party of Alenka Bratusek or SAB (formerly the Alliance of Social Liberal Democrats or ZSD and prior the Alliance of Alenka Bratusek or ZaAB)
Resni.ca
Slovenian Democratic Party or SDS (previously the Social Democratic Party of Slovenia or SDSS)
Slovenian National Party or SNS
Social Democrats or SD
The Left or Levica (successor to United Left or ZL)
Legislative branch
legislative structure
bicameral
National anthem(s)
title
"Zdravljica" (A Toast)
history
Adopted in 1989; originally composed in 1848; only the seventh verse of the poem is utilized as the national anthem.
lyrics/music
France PRESEREN/Stanko PREMRL
National symbol(s)
Mount Triglav
Administrative divisions
200 municipalities (obcine, singular - obcina) and 12 urban municipalities (mestne obcine, singular - mestna obcina)
municipalities: Ajdovscina, Ankaran, Apace, Beltinci, Benedikt, Bistrica ob Sotli, Bled, Bloke, Bohinj, Borovnica, Bovec, Braslovce, Brda, Brezice, Brezovica, Cankova, Cerklje na Gorenjskem, Cerknica, Cerkno, Cerkvenjak, Cirkulane, Crensovci, Crna na Koroskem, Crnomelj, Destrnik, Divaca, Dobje, Dobrepolje, Dobrna, Dobrova-Polhov Gradec, Dobrovnik/Dobronak, Dolenjske Toplice, Dol pri Ljubljani, Domzale, Dornava, Dravograd, Duplek, Gorenja Vas-Poljane, Gorisnica, Gorje, Gornja Radgona, Gornji Grad, Gornji Petrovci, Grad, Grosuplje, Hajdina, Hoce-Slivnica, Hodos, Horjul, Hrastnik, Hrpelje-Kozina, Idrija, Ig, Ilirska Bistrica, Ivancna Gorica, Izola/Isola, Jesenice, Jezersko, Jursinci, Kamnik, Kanal ob Soci, Kidricevo, Kobarid, Kobilje, Kocevje, Komen, Komenda, Kosanjevica na Krki, Kostel, Kozje, Kranjska Gora, Krizevci, Kungota, Kuzma, Lasko, Lenart, Lendava/Lendva, Litija, Ljubno, Ljutomer, Log-Dragomer, Logatec, Loska Dolina, Loski Potok, Lovrenc na Pohorju, Luce, Lukovica, Majsperk, Makole, Markovci, Medvode, Menges, Metlika, Mezica, Miklavz na Dravskem Polju, Miren-Kostanjevica, Mirna, Mirna Pec, Mislinja, Mokronog-Trebelno, Moravce, Moravske Toplice, Mozirje, Muta, Naklo, Nazarje, Odranci, Oplotnica, Ormoz, Osilnica, Pesnica, Piran/Pirano, Pivka, Podcetrtek, Podlehnik, Podvelka, Poljcane, Polzela, Postojna, Prebold, Preddvor, Prevalje, Puconci, Race-Fram, Radece, Radenci, Radlje ob Dravi, Radovljica, Ravne na Koroskem, Razkrizje, Recica ob Savinji, Rence-Vogrsko, Ribnica, Ribnica na Pohorju, Rogaska Slatina, Rogasovci, Rogatec, Ruse, Salovci, Selnica ob Dravi, Semic, Sempeter-Vrtojba, Sencur, Sentilj, Sentjernej, Sentjur, Sentrupert, Sevnica, Sezana, Skocjan, Skofja Loka, Skofljica, Slovenska Bistrica, Slovenske Konjice, Smarje pri Jelsah, Smarjeske Toplice, Smartno ob Paki, Smartno pri Litiji, Sodrazica, Solcava, Sostanj, Sredisce ob Dravi, Starse, Store, Straza, Sveta Ana, Sveta Trojica v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Andraz v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Jurij ob Scavnici, Sveti Jurij v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Tomaz, Tabor, Tisina, Tolmin, Trbovlje, Trebnje, Trnovska Vas, Trzic, Trzin, Turnisce, Velika Polana, Velike Lasce, Verzej, Videm, Vipava, Vitanje, Vodice, Vojnik, Vransko, Vrhnika, Vuzenica, Zagorje ob Savi, Zalec, Zavrc, Zelezniki, Zetale, Ziri, Zirovnica, Zrece, Zuzemberk
urban municipalities: Celje, Koper, Kranj, Krsko, Ljubljana, Maribor, Murska Sobota, Nova Gorica, Novo Mesto, Ptuj, Slovenj Gradec, Velenje
Legislative branch - lower chamber
chamber name
National Assembly (Drzavni Zbor)
term in office
4 years
number of seats
90 (all directly elected)
electoral system
proportional representation
scope of elections
full renewal
most recent election date
4/24/2022
expected date of next election
April 2026
percentage of women in chamber
35.6%
parties elected and seats per party
Freedom Movement (SVOBODA) (41); Slovenian Democratic Party (SDS) (27); New Slovenia - Christian Democrats (NSi) (8); Social Democrats (SD) (7); Left (LEVICA) (5); Other (2)
Legislative branch - upper chamber
chamber name
National Council (Drzavni Svet)
term in office
5 years
number of seats
40 (all indirectly elected)
scope of elections
full renewal
most recent election date
11/23/2022 to 11/24/2022
expected date of next election
November 2027
percentage of women in chamber
17.5%
Diplomatic representation in the US
FAX
[1] (202) 386-6633
chancery
2410 California Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone
[1] (202) 386-6611
chief of mission
Ambassador Iztok MIROŠIČ (in office since September 15, 2023)
consulate(s) general
Cleveland (OH)
email address and website
[email protected]
http://www.washington.embassy.si/
Diplomatic representation from the US
FAX
[386] (1) 200-5555
embassy
Presernova 31, 1000 Ljubljana
telephone
[386] (1) 200-5500
mailing address
7140 Ljubljana Place, Washington, DC 20521-7140
chief of mission
Ambassador (position currently vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Brian GREANEY (since August 2025)
email address and website
[email protected]
https://si.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNOOSA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
International law organization participation
Has not issued a jurisdiction declaration for the ICJ; accepts the jurisdiction of the ICCt.
Economy
Budget
revenues
$28.874 billion (2023 est.)
expenditures
$30.714 billion (2023 est.)
Exports
Exports 2022
$56.51 billion (2022 est.)
Exports 2023
$57.66 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2024
$59.159 billion (2024 est.)
Imports
Imports 2022
$55.158 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2023
$53.309 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2024
$54.583 billion (2024 est.)
Industries
ferrous metallurgy and aluminum products, lead and zinc smelting; electronics (inclusive of military electronics), trucks, automobiles, electric power apparatus, wood products, textiles, chemicals, machine tools
Labor force
1.058 million (2024 est.)
Public debt
Public debt 2017
73.6% of GDP (2017 est.)
Remittances
Remittances 2022
1.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2023
1.3% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2024
1.2% of GDP (2024 est.)
Exchange rates
Currency
euros (EUR) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2020
0.876 (2020 est.)
Exchange rates 2021
0.845 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2022
0.95 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2023
0.925 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2024
0.924 (2024 est.)
Economic overview
high-income EU and eurozone economy; characterized by high per-capita income and minimal inequality; primary exports include automotive products and pharmaceuticals; labor market is tight with low unemployment; economic growth is bolstered by private consumption and public investment, although risks arise from the constrained labor market and trade conditions; fiscal deficit is narrowing and public debt is on the decline
Unemployment rate
Unemployment rate 2022
4.1% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023
3.7% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2024
3.4% (2024 est.)
Exports - partners
Switzerland 22%, Germany 12%, Italy 10%, Croatia 8%, Austria 6% (2023)
Imports - partners
Switzerland 17%, China 15%, Germany 11%, Italy 9%, Austria 6% (2023)
Real GDP per capita
Real GDP per capita 2022
$47,100 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023
$47,900 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2024
$48,500 (2024 est.)
Real GDP growth rate
Real GDP growth rate 2022
2.7% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023
2.1% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2024
1.6% (2024 est.)
Agricultural products
milk, maize, wheat, barley, grapes, chicken, potatoes, beef, apples, pork (2023)
Exports - commodities
packaged medicine, cars, refined petroleum, vehicle parts/accessories, plastic products (2023)
Imports - commodities
nitrogen compounds, packaged medicine, refined petroleum, cars, vaccines (2023)
Current account balance
Current account balance 2022
-$617.374 million (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2023
$3.093 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2024
$3.231 billion (2024 est.)
Taxes and other revenues
20.3% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate)
$72.485 billion (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use
household consumption
52.3% (2023 est.)
government consumption
19.2% (2023 est.)
investment in inventories
0.9% (2023 est.)
investment in fixed capital
21.3% (2023 est.)
exports of goods and services
83.3% (2023 est.)
imports of goods and services
-76.8% (2023 est.)
Population below poverty line
12.7% (2022 est.)
Average household expenditures
on food
13.9% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
on alcohol and tobacco
4.5% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
8.8% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
7.4% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024
2% (2024 est.)
Industrial production growth rate
1.8% (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$99.403 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$101.503 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$103.118 billion (2024 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
male
10.6% (2024 est.)
total
9.4% (2024 est.)
female
7.9% (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022
$2.268 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023
$2.37 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024
$2.832 billion (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
industry
28.8% (2024 est.)
services
58.2% (2024 est.)
agriculture
1.5% (2024 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share
lowest 10%
4.2% (2022 est.)
highest 10%
20.7% (2022 est.)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022
24.3 (2022 est.)
Energy
Coal
exports
2,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
imports
866,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
production
2.44 million metric tons (2023 est.)
consumption
2.309 million metric tons (2023 est.)
proven reserves
95 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Petroleum
total petroleum production
4 bbl/day (2021 est.)
refined petroleum consumption
44,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)
Electricity
exports
10.62 billion kWh (2023 est.)
imports
9.114 billion kWh (2023 est.)
consumption
12.953 billion kWh (2023 est.)
installed generating capacity
4.739 million kW (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses
774.138 million kWh (2023 est.)
Natural gas
exports
11.387 million cubic meters (2018 est.)
imports
810.948 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
production
4.014 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
consumption
811.395 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
Nuclear energy
Number of operational nuclear reactors
1 (2025)
Percent of total electricity production
36.8% (2023 est.)
Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors
0.7GW (2025 est.)
Electricity access
electrification - total population
100% (2022 est.)
Energy consumption per capita
Total energy consumption per capita 2023
104.502 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources
solar
6.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
nuclear
35.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
fossil fuels
24.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectricity
31.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
biomass and waste
2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Communications
Internet users
percent of population
90% (2023 est.)
Broadcast media
The public television broadcaster, Radiotelevizija Slovenija (RTV), manages a network of national and regional television stations; 35 commercial television channels; approximately 60% of households are linked to multi-channel cable television; a public radio entity comprising 3 national and 4 regional stations; and over 75 regional and local commercial as well as non-commercial radio outlets.
Internet country code
.si
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions
647,000 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
30 (2023 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions
2.73 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
126 (2022 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total
683,000 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
32 (2023 est.)
Transportation
Ports
large
0
small
1
medium
0
key ports
Koper, Piran
very small
1
total ports
2 (2024)
ports with oil terminals
0
Airports
42 (2025)
Railways
total
1,207 km (2020) 609 km electrified
Heliports
4 (2025)
Merchant marine
total
8 (2023)
by type
other 8
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
S5
Military & Security
Military - note
The Slovenian Armed Forces (Slovenska Vojska or SV) hold the responsibility for safeguarding the nation’s sovereignty and territory, deterring outside threats, and contributing to European security as well as various international peacekeeping operations. Additionally, the SV engages in civil-military partnerships, including the upkeep of local infrastructure. Since 2004, Slovenia has been a member of both the EU and NATO, with a primary mission of fulfilling its obligations to NATO. This includes modernizing equipment, taking part in training exercises, and supporting NATO operations. The SV deploys troops to bolster NATO’s presence in the Baltic region (Latvia) and Eastern Europe (Slovakia). Furthermore, it has been involved in various international security missions, contributing small contingents to regions such as Africa, southern Europe, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East. Air policing for Slovenia is provided by NATO allies Hungary and Italy.
The establishment of the SV took place in 1993, evolving from the Slovenia Defense Force. This Defense Force, alongside the Slovenian police, constituted the main forces that confronted the Yugoslav People’s Army during the 10-Day War following Slovenia's declaration of independence in 1991 (2025).
Military deployments
110 Kosovo (NATO); up to 200 Slovakia (NATO) (2025)
Military expenditures
Military Expenditures 2021
1.2% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022
1.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2023
1.3% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2024
1.4% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military Expenditures 2025
2% of GDP (2025 est.)
Military and security forces
Slovenian Armed Forces (Slovenska Vojska, SV): organized as a combined force featuring air, land, maritime, and special operations units.
Ministry of Interior: National Police (2025)
Military service age and obligation
The age requirement for voluntary military service is 18-30 years for both men and women; recruits may enter into service contracts of 3, 5, or 10 years; there is no conscription (2026).
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
The military's arsenal includes a blend of Soviet/Cold War-era equipment and a limited number of more contemporary, primarily Western systems. Slovenia is currently undergoing a modernization initiative aimed at replacing its Soviet-era assets with NATO-compatible European and U.S. systems (2025).
Military and security service personnel strengths
The active military personnel count stands at around 6,000 (2025).
Transnational Issues
Refugees and internally displaced persons
IDPs
10 (2023 est.)
refugees
13,369 (2024 est.)
stateless persons
10 (2024 est.)
