CapitalAlgiers
Population47,735,685
Area2,381,740 km²
GDP per capita$15,400
LanguagesArabic , French , Tamazight , Shawiya , Mzab, Tuareg )
CurrencyAlgerian dinars
Life Expectancy77.9 yr
Governmentpresidential republic
Introduction
Background
Algeria has a rich history marked by numerous empires and dynasties, including the ancient Numidians (3rd century B.C.), Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, a multitude of Arab and Amazigh dynasties, Spaniards, and Ottoman Turks. The Barbary pirates operated from North Africa under Ottoman rule, engaging in piracy against shipping from approximately 1500 until the French seizure of Algiers in 1830. The French expansion into Algeria unfolded throughout the 19th century and was characterized by numerous atrocities. An intense eight-year conflict ultimately led to Algeria achieving independence in 1962.
The National Liberation Front (FLN), Algeria's historically dominant political party, was founded in 1954 during the independence struggle and has since been a significant player in the political landscape, although it is losing support among the youth and current President Abdelmadjid TEBBOUNE. In response to civil unrest, the Algerian government introduced a multi-party system in 1988; however, the unexpected first-round victory of the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) in the 1991 legislative elections prompted military intervention to delay the second round of voting, as the secular elite feared a potential extremist government. This military action against the FIS escalated into an insurgency and severe violence from 1992 to 1998, resulting in over 100,000 fatalities, many caused by extremist groups targeting rural populations. By the late 1990s, the government had regained control, and the FIS's armed branch, the Islamic Salvation Army, disbanded in 2000. Membership in the FIS is currently prohibited.
In 1999, Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA was elected president with military support, in an election boycotted by various candidates protesting alleged electoral fraud. He subsequently secured re-election in 2004, 2009, and 2014. Widespread protests erupted in early 2019 against his attempt to run for a fifth term. BOUTEFLIKA resigned in April 2019, and in December 2019, Algerians voted former Prime Minister Abdelmadjid TEBBOUNE into the presidency. A long-standing member of the FLN, TEBBOUNE campaigned as an independent. In 2020, a constitutional referendum regarding governmental reforms was conducted, which TEBBOUNE implemented in 2021. The ensuing changes to the national electoral law introduced open-list voting to combat corruption, while also removing gender quotas in Parliament, leading to a significant decline in female representation during the 2021 legislative elections. The referendum, parliamentary elections, and local elections all experienced historically low voter turnout.
Geography
Area
land
2,381,740 sq km
water
0 sq km
total
2,381,740 sq km
Climate
ranging from arid to semiarid climates; characterized by mild and wet winters alongside hot and dry summers along the coastline; experiencing drier conditions with cold winters and hot summers in the elevated plateau regions; the sirocco is a hot wind laden with dust and sand, particularly prevalent during the summer months
Terrain
predominantly consisting of high plateaus and desert; features the Atlas Mountains in the northernmost regions and the Hoggar Mountains in the southern part; includes a narrow and discontinuous coastal strip
Land use
other
81.9% (2023 est.)
forest
0.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land
17.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 3.2% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 0.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 13.8% (2023 est.)
Location
located in Northern Africa, adjacent to the Mediterranean Sea, situated between Morocco and Tunisia
Coastline
998 km
Elevation
lowest point
Chott Melrhir -40 m
highest point
Tahat 2,908 m
mean elevation
800 m
Irrigated land
13,819 sq km (2019)
Major aquifers
Lullemeden-Irhazer Aquifer System, Murzuk-Djado Basin, North Western Sahara Aquifer, Taoudeni-Tanezrouft Basin
Map references
Africa
Land boundaries
total
6,734 km
border countries
Libya 989 km; Mali 1,359 km; Mauritania 460 km; Morocco 1,941 km; Niger 951 km; Tunisia 1,034 km
Maritime claims
contiguous zone
24 nm
territorial sea
12 nm
exclusive fishing zone
32-52 nm
Natural hazards
mountainous regions that are prone to significant seismic activity; experiences mudslides and flooding during the rainy season; faces periods of drought
Geography - note
the largest nation on the African continent, with 80% of its territory consisting of desert; the southern Hoggar Mountains and the desolate Tassili n'Ajjer area in the southeast house numerous instances of prehistoric art, including rock paintings and carvings that illustrate human activities and wildlife, such as elephants, giraffes, and cattle. These artworks date back to the African Humid Period, approximately 5,000 to 11,000 years ago, a time when the region was fully vegetated
Natural resources
petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, uranium, lead, zinc
Area - comparative
slightly less than 3.5 times larger than Texas
Geographic coordinates
28 00 N, 3 00 E
Population distribution
the overwhelming majority of the population resides in the extreme northern region of the country along the Mediterranean coast
Major watersheds (area sq km)
Atlantic Ocean drainage
Niger (2,261,741 sq km)
Internal (endorheic basin) drainage
Lake Chad (2,497,738 sq km)
People & Society
Literacy
female
74.2% (2019 est.)
Languages
Languages
Arabic (official), French (common language), Tamazight (official) (dialects consist of Kabyle (Taqbaylit), Shawiya (Tacawit), Mzab, Tuareg (Tamahaq))
major-language sample(s)
كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions
Muslim (official; predominantly Sunni) 99%, other (including Christian, Jewish, Ahmadi Muslim, Shia Muslim, Ibadi Muslim) <1% (2012 estimate)
Sex ratio
at birth
1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years
1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years
1.03 male(s)/female
total population
1.03 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
65 years and over
0.96 male(s)/female
Birth rate
19.62 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
4.39 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Median age
male
28.8 years
total
29.3 years (2025 est.)
female
29.4 years
Population
male
24,219,668
total
47,735,685 (2025 est.)
female
23,516,017
Nationality
noun
Algerian(s)
adjective
Algerian
Tobacco use
male
41.6% (2025 est.)
total
21.4% (2025 est.)
female
0.6% (2025 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
75.3% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years
30.8% (male 7,411,337/female 7,062,794)
15-64 years
62.3% (male 14,846,102/female 14,441,034)
65 years and over
6.9% (2024 est.) (male 1,597,382/female 1,663,824)
Ethnic groups
Arab-Amazigh 99%, European less than 1%
Child marriage
women married by age 15
0% (2019)
women married by age 18
3.8% (2019)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio
60.5 (2025 est.)
youth dependency ratio
48.9 (2025 est.)
potential support ratio
8.7 (2025 est.)
elderly dependency ratio
11.5 (2025 est.)
Physician density
1.66 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
5.5% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
5.4% of national budget (2022 est.)
Net migration rate
-0.52 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Hospital bed density
1.6 beds/1,000 population (2017 est.)
Total fertility rate
2.91 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Drinking water source
improved: rural
rural: 90.4% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 94.7% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 96.1% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 9.6% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 5.3% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 3.9% of population (2022 est.)
Education expenditure
Education expenditure (% GDP)
5.6% of GDP (2023 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget)
15.5% national budget (2025 est.)
Infant mortality rate
male
19.8 deaths/1,000 live births
total
18.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
female
17.5 deaths/1,000 live births
Population growth rate
1.47% (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
1.42 (2025 est.)
Population distribution
the overwhelming majority of the population is concentrated in the far northern region of the nation along the Mediterranean coastline.
Life expectancy at birth
male
77.2 years
female
78.7 years
total population
77.9 years (2024 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
62 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Sanitation facility access
improved: rural
rural: 91.7% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 96.6% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 98.3% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 8.3% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 3.4% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 1.7% of population (2022 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita
beer
0.31 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine
0.2 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
total
0.59 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits
0.08 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols
0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Major urban areas - population
2.902 million ALGIERS (capital), 936,000 Oran (2022)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
27.4% (2016)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
55.5% (2019 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
2.7% (2019 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
male
15 years (2023 est.)
total
15 years (2023 est.)
female
16 years (2023 est.)
Environment
Climate
The climate ranges from arid to semiarid, characterized by mild and wet winters alongside hot and dry summers near the coast; it becomes drier with cold winters and hot summers in the elevated plateau regions. The sirocco is a particularly prevalent hot wind laden with dust and sand, especially during the summer months.
Land use
other
81.9% (2023 est.)
forest
0.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land
17.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 3.2% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 0.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 13.8% (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
75.3% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Methane emissions
other
7.6 kt (2019-2021 est.)
waste
486.4 kt (2019-2021 est.)
energy
2,561.1 kt (2022-2024 est.)
agriculture
256 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually
12.379 million tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled
11% (2022 est.)
Environmental issues
Major urban areas face issues with air pollution; soil degradation occurs due to excessive grazing and substandard agricultural practices; desertification is a concern; pollution of rivers and coastal waters results from the discharge of untreated sewage, waste from petroleum refining, and other industrial byproducts; the Mediterranean Sea experiences pollution due to oil waste, soil erosion, and runoff from fertilizers; there is a lack of sufficient drinking water.
Total water withdrawal
municipal
3.389 billion cubic meters (2022)
industrial
181 million cubic meters (2022)
agricultural
7.391 billion cubic meters (2022)
Carbon dioxide emissions
total emissions
163.661 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas
105.125 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke
741,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids
57.795 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
22.4 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Total renewable water resources
11.667 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
International environmental agreements
party to
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified
Nuclear Test Ban
Government
Flag
description: two equal vertical stripes of green (left) and white; a red, five-pointed star situated within a red crescent, aligned over the boundary of the two colors
meaning: the colors symbolize Islam (green), purity and peace (white), and freedom (red); both the crescent and star are emblematic of Islam, yet the crescent appears more closed than those found in other Islamic nations, as Algerians believe that the elongated crescent tips bring joy.
Capital
name
Algiers
etymology
the name originates from the Arabic al-jazair, which translates to "the islands," referencing the four islands that were once located off the coast of the capital but have been connected to the mainland since 1525.
time difference
UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
geographic coordinates
36 45 N, 3 03 E
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Citizenship
citizenship by birth
no
citizenship by descent only
the mother must be a citizen of Algeria
dual citizenship recognized
no
residency requirement for naturalization
7 years
Constitution
history
multiple previous versions; most recent sanctioned by referendum on 1 November 2020.
amendment process
proposed by the president of the republic or through the president with the backing of three-fourths of the members from both parliamentary houses in a joint session; to pass, it requires approval from both houses, a referendum endorsement, and promulgation by the president; the president may bypass a referendum if the Constitutional Council decides that the proposed amendment does not contravene fundamental constitutional principles; articles pertaining to the republican governance structure, the integrity and unity of the nation, and essential citizens’ rights and liberties are immutable.
Country name
etymology
the country name derives from the capital city of Algiers
local long form
Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash Sha'biyah
local short form
Al Jaza'ir
conventional long form
People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
conventional short form
Algeria
Independence
5 July 1962 (from France)
Legal system
a mixed legal framework combining French civil law and Islamic law; legislative acts undergo judicial review by an ad hoc Constitutional Council made up of various public officials, including several justices from the Supreme Court.
Government type
presidential republic
Judicial branch
highest court(s)
Supreme Court or Le Cour Suprême, consists of 150 judges organized into eight chambers: Civil, Commercial and Maritime, Criminal, House of Offenses and Contraventions, House of Petitions, Land, Personal Status, and Social; the Constitutional Council comprises 12 members, including the court chairman and deputy chairman.
subordinate courts
appellate courts or wilaya courts; first instance courts or daira tribunals.
judge selection and term of office
Supreme Court judges are appointed by the High Council of Magistracy, an administrative body led by the president of the republic, which includes the vice-president of the republic and several members; judges serve for life; members of the Constitutional Council are appointed as follows: 4 by the president of the republic, 2 by each of the two houses of Parliament, 2 by the Supreme Court, and 2 by the Council of State; the council president and members are appointed for a single 6-year term, with half of the membership renewed every 3 years.
Executive branch
cabinet
Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president
chief of state
President Abdelmadjid TEBBOUNE (since 12 December 2019)
election results
2024: Abdelmadjid TEBBOUNE (NLF) 94.7%, Abdelaali Hassani CHERIF (MSP) 3.2%, Youcef AOUCHICHE (FFS) 2.2%
2019: (FLN) 58.1%, Abdelkader BENGRINA (El-Bina) 17.4%, Ali BENFLIS (Talaie El Hurriyet) 10.6%, Azzedine MIHOUBI (RND) 7.3%, Abdelaziz BELAID (Future Front) 6.7%.
head of government
Prime Minister Sifi GHRIEB (since 28 August 2025)
most recent election date
7 September 2024
election/appointment process
the president is elected directly through an absolute majority popular vote in two rounds if necessary, serving a 5-year term (eligible for re-election); the prime minister is appointed by the president following consultations with the majority party in Parliament.
expected date of next election
2029
National holiday
Independence Day, celebrated on 5 July (1962); Revolution Day, observed on 1 November (1954).
National color(s)
green, white, red
National heritage
total World Heritage Sites
7 (6 cultural, 1 mixed)
selected World Heritage Site locales
Beni Hammad Fort (c); Djémila (c); Casbah of Algiers (c); M'zab Valley (c); Tassili n'Ajjer (m); Timgad (c); Tipasa (c).
Political parties
Algerian National Front or FNA
Algerian Popular Movement or MPA
Algeria's Hope Rally or TAJ
Dignity or El Karama
El-Infitah
El Mostakbal (Future Front)
Ennour El Djazairi Party (Algerian Radiance Party) or PED
Equity and Proclamation Party or PEP
Islamic Renaissance Movement or Ennahda Movement
Justice and Development Front or FJD
Movement for National Reform or El Islah
Movement of Society for Peace or MSP
National Construction Movement or El-Bina (Harakat El-Binaa El-Watani)
National Democratic Rally (Rassemblement National Democratique) or RND
National Front for Social Justice or FNJS
National Liberation Front or FLN
National Militancy Front or FMN
National Party for Solidarity and Development or PNSD
National Republican Alliance or ANR
New Dawn Party (El-Fajr El-Jadid)
New Generation (Jil Jadid)
Oath of 1954 or Ahd 54
Party of Justice and Liberty or PLJ
Rally for Culture and Democracy or RCD
Socialist Forces Front or FFS
Union for Change and Progress or UCP
Union of Democratic and Social Forces or UFDS
Vanguard of Liberties (Talaie El Hurriyet)
Workers Party or PT
Youth Party or PJ
Legislative branch
legislature name
Parliament (Barlaman)
legislative structure
bicameral
National anthem(s)
title
"Kassaman" (We Pledge)
history
adopted in 1962; ZAKARIAH composed "Kassaman" as a poem while incarcerated in Algiers by French colonial authorities.
lyrics/music
Mufdi ZAKARIAH/Mohamed FAWZI
National symbol(s)
a five-pointed star situated between the outstretched horns of a crescent moon; fennec fox.
Administrative divisions
58 provinces (wilayas, singular - wilaya); Adrar, Ain Defla, Ain Temouchent, Alger (Algiers), Annaba, Batna, Bechar, Bejaia, Beni Abbes, Biskra, Blida, Bordj Badji Mokhtar, Bordj Bou Arreridj, Bouira, Boumerdes, Chlef, Constantine, Djanet, Djelfa, El Bayadh, El Meghaier, El Meniaa, El Oued, El Tarf, Ghardaia, Guelma, Illizi, In Guezzam, In Salah, Jijel, Khenchela, Laghouat, Mascara, Medea, Mila, Mostaganem, M'Sila, Naama, Oran, Ouargla, Ouled Djellal, Oum el Bouaghi, Relizane, Saida, Setif, Sidi Bel Abbes, Skikda, Souk Ahras, Tamanrasset, Tebessa, Tiaret, Timimoun, Tindouf, Tipaza, Tissemsilt, Tizi Ouzou, Tlemcen, Touggourt.
Legislative branch - lower chamber
chamber name
National People's Assembly (Al-Majlis Al-Chaabi Al-Watani)
term in office
5 years
number of seats
407 (all directly elected)
electoral system
proportional representation
scope of elections
full renewal
most recent election date
6/12/2021
expected date of next election
June 2026
percentage of women in chamber
7.9%
parties elected and seats per party
National Liberation Front (FLN) (98); Movement of Society for Peace (MSP) (65); National Democratic Rally (RND) (58); El-Moustakbel Front (Future, FM) (48); El Binaa Movement (39); Independents (84); Other (15).
Legislative branch - upper chamber
chamber name
Council of the Nation (Majlis al-Oumma)
term in office
6 years
number of seats
174 (116 indirectly elected; 58 appointed)
electoral system
plurality/majority
scope of elections
partial renewal
most recent election date
3/9/2025
expected date of next election
January 2028
percentage of women in chamber
2.5%
Diplomatic representation in the US
FAX
[1] (202) 986-5906
chancery
2118 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone
[1] (202) 265-2800
chief of mission
Ambassador Sabri BOUKADOUM (since 27 February 2024)
consulate(s) general
New York
email address and website
[email protected]
https://www.algerianembassy.org/
Diplomatic representation from the US
FAX
[213] (0) 770-08-2299
embassy
05 Chemin Cheikh Bachir, Ibrahimi, El-Biar 16030, Alger.
telephone
[213] (0) 770-08-2000
mailing address
6030 Algiers Place, Washington DC 20521-6030
chief of mission
Ambassador Elizabeth Moore AUBIN (since 9 February 2022)
email address and website
[email protected]
https://dz.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, BIS, CAEU, CD, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, OSCE (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
International law organization participation
has not made an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt.
Economy
Budget
revenues
$55.185 billion (2019 est.)
expenditures
$64.728 billion (2019 est.)
Exports
Exports 2021
$41.846 billion (2021 est.)
Exports 2022
$69.226 billion (2022 est.)
Exports 2023
$59.426 billion (2023 est.)
Imports
Imports 2021
$44.287 billion (2021 est.)
Imports 2022
$46.613 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2023
$51.131 billion (2023 est.)
Industries
petroleum, natural gas, light industries, mining, electrical, petrochemical, food processing
Labor force
13.294 million (2024 est.)
Public debt
Public debt 2017
27.5% of GDP (2017 est.)
Remittances
Remittances 2021
1% of GDP (2021 est.)
Remittances 2022
0.8% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2023
0.8% of GDP (2023 est.)
Exchange rates
Currency
Algerian dinars (DZD) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2020
126.777 (2020 est.)
Exchange rates 2021
135.064 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2022
141.995 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2023
135.843 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2024
134.053 (2024 est.)
Debt - external
Debt - external 2023
$4.764 billion (2023 est.)
Economic overview
experiencing challenges from an oil and gas-dependent economy; insufficient sector and market diversification; political instability affecting domestic consumption; limited access to credit and decreases in business confidence; austerity measures related to COVID-19; postponed socio-economic reforms that were promised
Unemployment rate
Unemployment rate 2022
12.4% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023
11.8% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2024
11.5% (2024 est.)
Exports - partners
Italy 29%, France 14%, Spain 13%, USA 6%, Netherlands 4% (2023)
Imports - partners
China 24%, France 12%, Italy 8%, Turkey 7%, Brazil 6% (2023)
Real GDP per capita
Real GDP per capita 2022
$14,800 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023
$15,200 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2024
$15,400 (2024 est.)
Real GDP growth rate
Real GDP growth rate 2022
3.6% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023
4.1% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2024
3.3% (2024 est.)
Agricultural products
potatoes, watermelons, wheat, milk, onions, tomatoes, vegetables, oranges, dates, barley (2023)
Exports - commodities
natural gas, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, fertilizers, iron bars (2023)
Imports - commodities
wheat, plastics, cars, milk, corn (2023)
Current account balance
Current account balance 2021
-$4.513 billion (2021 est.)
Current account balance 2022
$19.433 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2023
$6.359 billion (2023 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate)
$263.62 billion (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use
household consumption
40.8% (2023 est.)
government consumption
17.9% (2023 est.)
investment in inventories
4.9% (2023 est.)
investment in fixed capital
32.8% (2023 est.)
exports of goods and services
23.6% (2023 est.)
imports of goods and services
-20.1% (2023 est.)
Average household expenditures
on food
37.2% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
on alcohol and tobacco
1% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
9.3% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
9.3% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024
4% (2024 est.)
Industrial production growth rate
3.9% (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$672.256 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$699.818 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$722.912 billion (2024 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
male
26.8% (2024 est.)
total
29.8% (2024 est.)
female
45.8% (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022
$71.852 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023
$81.217 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024
$83.007 billion (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
industry
37.8% (2023 est.)
services
45.6% (2023 est.)
agriculture
13.1% (2023 est.)
Energy
Coal
imports
241,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
consumption
3,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
proven reserves
223 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Petroleum
total petroleum production
1.443 million bbl/day (2023 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves
12.2 billion barrels (2021 est.)
refined petroleum consumption
446,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Electricity
exports
2.753 billion kWh (2023 est.)
imports
475.8 million kWh (2023 est.)
consumption
85.687 billion kWh (2023 est.)
installed generating capacity
22.591 million kW (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses
9.237 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Natural gas
exports
51.566 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
production
104.896 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
consumption
52.831 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
proven reserves
4.504 trillion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Electricity access
electrification - rural areas
99.3%
electrification - urban areas
100%
electrification - total population
100% (2022 est.)
Energy consumption per capita
Total energy consumption per capita 2023
61.843 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources
solar
0.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
fossil fuels
98.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectricity
0.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Communications
Internet users
percent of population
77% (2023 est.)
Broadcast media
Radio Algérienne serves as the government-operated radio service, while the National Company of Television (Entreprise Nationale de Télévision (ENTV)) functions as the main public television broadcaster funded by the state (2024)
Internet country code
.dz
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions
6.93 million (2024 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
15 (2024 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions
54.1 million (2024 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
115 (2024 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total
5.54 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
12 (2023 est.)
Transportation
Ports
large
2
small
6
medium
1
key ports
Alger, Annaba, Arzew, Arzew El Djedid, Bejaia, Mers El Kebir, Oran, Port Methanier, Skikda
very small
8
total ports
17 (2024)
ports with oil terminals
3
Airports
95 (2025)
Railways
total
4,020 km (2019)
Heliports
11 (2025)
Merchant marine
total
119 (2022)
by type
1 bulk carrier, 4 container ships, 11 general cargo vessels, 14 oil tankers, 89 others
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
7T
Military & Security
Military - note
The ANP is tasked with external defense while also overseeing certain internal security functions; primary concerns involve border and maritime security, terrorism, regional instability, and conflicts with Morocco. Algeria endorses the pro-independence Polisario Front in Western Sahara and accuses Morocco of aiding the Algerian separatist Movement for the Autonomy of Kabylie (MAK). Since the events of the Arab Spring in 2011, there has been a heightened emphasis on border security and counterterrorism due to increasing terrorist threats from Libya and the Sahel. The Army and the Ministry of National Defense (MND) have strengthened their presence at the borders with Tunisia, Libya, Niger, and Mali to prevent and deter incursions by Islamist militant factions. Additionally, the ANP and MND paramilitary units have enhanced counterterrorism collaboration with several neighboring nations, especially Tunisia, which includes joint operations.
The ANP has significantly influenced the political landscape since Algeria's independence in 1962, playing a role in coups in 1965 and 1991. It was a crucial supporter of BOUTEFLIKA's election in 1999 and remained a pivotal power during his two-decade tenure. The military was key to BOUTEFLIKA's resignation in 2019, as it withdrew its support and urged his removal from office (2024).
Military expenditures
Military Expenditures 2020
6.7% of GDP (2020 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021
5.6% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022
4.8% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2023
8% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2024
8% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military and security forces
Algerian People's National Army (ANP): Land Forces, Naval Forces (including Coast Guard), Air Forces, Territorial Air Defense Forces, Republican Guard, National Gendarmerie
Ministry of Interior: General Directorate of National Security (national police) (2025)
Military service age and obligation
Individuals can voluntarily enlist in military service at 18 years of age for both men and women; men are required to serve at 19 years of age (all Algerian males must register when they turn 17); there is a 12-month national service commitment (2025).
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
Historically, the Algerian military has primarily utilized Russian and Soviet-era weaponry and equipment. In the last decade, it has invested in acquiring modern armored vehicles, air defense technologies, fighter jets, missiles, unmanned aerial vehicles, and naval vessels, predominantly from Russia, its traditional supplier, alongside procurements from China and Western European nations such as Germany (2025).
Military and security service personnel strengths
Data varies; approximately 200,000 active personnel in the ANP, which includes the National Gendarmerie (2025).
Terrorism
Terrorist group(s)
al-Qa'ida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM); Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) – Algeria; al-Mulathamun Battalion (al-Mourabitoun)
Transnational Issues
Trafficking in persons
tier rating
Tier 2 Watch List — Algeria has not shown a general improvement in its efforts to combat trafficking relative to the last reporting period, resulting in Algeria staying on the Tier 2 Watch List for the second year in a row; for additional information, visit: https://www.state.gov/reports/2025-trafficking-in-persons-report/algeria/
Refugees and internally displaced persons
IDPs
25 (2024 est.)
refugees
188,206 (2024 est.)
Space
Space launch site(s)
none; note - in 1947, Algeria commenced operations of a French military rocket test facility referred to as the Centre Interarmées d’Essais d’Engins Spéciaux (CIEES or Interarmy Special Vehicles Test Center); this site represented Africa's inaugural rocket launch location and remained operational until 1967
Space agency/agencies
Algerian Space Agency (Agence Spatiale Algérienne, ASAL; founded in 2002) (2025)
Space program overview
possesses a national space policy and a space research initiative aimed at fostering domestic development, resource management, mastering space technologies, and enhancing national sovereignty; designs and operates communications and remote sensing (RS) satellites; engages in the research and development of various space-related technologies, including satellites and their payloads, communications, RS, instrumentation, image processing, and geo-spatial data; collaborates with multiple international space agencies and industries, including those from Argentina, China, France, Germany, India, Russia, Slovenia, Ukraine, the UK, and various African nations; a member of the African Space Agency and the Arab Space Coordination Group (2025)
Key space-program milestones
2002 - the inaugural remote sensing (RS) satellite (Alsat-1A) was developed in collaboration with the UK and launched by Russia
2006 - a national space program was officially announced
2010 and 2016 - the first Algerian-designed and -manufactured RS satellites (Alsat-2A and 2B) were launched by India
2017 - the first communications satellite (Alcomsat-1) was created in partnership with and launched by China; a 2040 national space strategy was unveiled
2026 - RS satellite (AlSat-3A) was launched by China
