Jordan

Middle East

31.00°, 36.00°

CapitalAmman

Population11,312,507

Area89,342 km²

GDP per capita$9,500

LanguagesArabic , English

CurrencyJordanian dinars

Life Expectancy76.5 yr

Governmentparliamentary constitutional monarchy

Introduction

Background

Following the conclusion of World War I and the breakup of the Ottoman Empire, Britain was granted a mandate by the League of Nations to oversee a significant portion of the Middle East. In 1921, Britain established a semi-autonomous region known as Transjordan, carving it out from Palestine, and acknowledged ABDALLAH I of the Hashemite lineage as the inaugural leader of the nation. The Hashemite family also governed the Hijaz, which corresponds to the western coastal region of present-day Saudi Arabia, until 1925, when they were expelled by IBN SAUD and the Wahhabi tribes. The nation achieved independence in 1946, subsequently becoming known as the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.

The kingdom has been ruled by four monarchs. King HUSSEIN, who reigned from 1953 to 1999, adeptly managed the competing interests of the major powers (the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union), various Arab nations, Israel, and Palestinian factions. This led to a brief civil conflict in 1970, referred to as "Black September," which concluded with King HUSSEIN expelling the militants.

Since gaining independence, Jordan's borders have evolved. During the first Arab-Israeli War in 1948, Jordan assumed control of the West Bank and East Jerusalem, ultimately annexing these areas in 1950 and granting Jordanian citizenship to the newly acquired Palestinian inhabitants. However, in 1967, Jordan lost the West Bank and East Jerusalem to Israel during the Six-Day War, though it maintained administrative claims over the West Bank until 1988, when King HUSSEIN formally renounced Jordan's claims in favor of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). In 1994, King HUSSEIN signed a peace agreement with Israel, following the signing of the Oslo Accords between Israel and the PLO in 1993.

The kings of Jordan assert their custodianship of the Muslim holy sites in Jerusalem based on their Hashemite lineage as descendants of the Prophet Mohammad and through accords with Israeli and local religious and Palestinian authorities. After Israel captured East Jerusalem during the 1967 conflict, it permitted the Jordanian-controlled Islamic Trust, or Waqf, to continue managing the Al Haram ash Sharif/Temple Mount sacred compound, and the peace treaty between Jordan and Israel reaffirmed Jordan's "special role" in overseeing the Muslim holy sites in Jerusalem. Furthermore, the Jordanian monarchy claims custodianship of the Christian sites in Jerusalem founded on the 7th-century Pact of Omar, whereby the Muslim leader, upon taking Jerusalem, agreed to allow Christian worship.

Upon the death of King HUSSEIN in 1999, his eldest son, ABDALLAH II, ascended to the throne. In 2009, ABDALLAH II appointed his son HUSSEIN as Crown Prince. Throughout his reign, ABDALLAH II has faced numerous challenges, including the influx of refugees from neighboring countries during the Arab Spring, the COVID-19 pandemic, the repercussions of the war in Ukraine, a consistently fragile economy, and the Israel-HAMAS conflict that erupted in October 2023.

Geography

Area

land

88,802 sq km

water

540 sq km

total

89,342 sq km

Climate

predominantly arid desert; the western region experiences a rainy season from November to April

Terrain

largely arid desert plateau; a significant geological rift running north-south along the western part of the nation features the Jordan River Valley, the Dead Sea, and the Jordanian Highlands

Land use

other

87.7% (2023 est.)

forest

0.8% (2023 est.)

agricultural land

11.5% (2023 est.)

agricultural land: arable land

arable land: 2.3% (2023 est.)

agricultural land: permanent crops

permanent crops: 0.9% (2023 est.)

agricultural land: permanent pasture

permanent pasture: 8.4% (2023 est.)

Location

located in the Middle East, northwest of Saudi Arabia, bordered by Israel to the west and Iraq

Coastline

26 km

Elevation

lowest point

Dead Sea -431 m

highest point

Jabal Umm ad Dami 1,854 m

mean elevation

812 m

Irrigated land

875 sq km (2022)

Major aquifers

Arabian Aquifer System

Map references

Middle East

Land boundaries

total

1,744 km

border countries

Iraq 179 km; Israel 307 km; Saudi Arabia 731 km; Syria 379 km; West Bank 148 km

Maritime claims

territorial sea

3 nm

Natural hazards

drought conditions; occasional earthquakes; sudden flash floods

Geography - note

strategically positioned at the northern tip of the Gulf of Aqaba; this Arab nation has the longest border with Israel and the West Bank; the Dead Sea, recognized as the lowest point in Asia and the second saltiest water body globally (after Lac Assal in Djibouti), is situated along Jordan's western edge with Israel and the West Bank; while Jordan is nearly landlocked, it possesses a 26 km coastline in the southwest featuring a single port, Al 'Aqabah (Aqaba)

Natural resources

phosphates, potash, shale oil

Area - comparative

approximately three-quarters the area of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Indiana

Geographic coordinates

31 00 N, 36 00 E

Population distribution

population primarily concentrated in the western region, especially in the northwest around the capital city of Amman; a notable but smaller population resides in the southwest near the Gulf of Aqaba

Major lakes (area sq km)

salt water lake(s)

Dead Sea (jointly held with Israel and the West Bank) - 1,020 sq km
note - an endorheic hypersaline lake; 9.6 times saltier than the ocean; the lake's shoreline is 431 meters below sea level

Major watersheds (area sq km)

Indian Ocean drainage

(Persian Gulf) Tigris and Euphrates (918,044 sq km)

People & Society

Literacy

male

97.5% (2023 est.)

female

92.3% (2023 est.)

total population

94.8% (2023 est.)

Languages

Arabic (official), English (commonly spoken among the upper and middle classes)

major-language sample(s)

كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Religions

Muslim 97.1% (official; predominantly Sunni), Christian 2.1% (majority Greek Orthodox, but some Greek and Roman Catholics, Syrian Orthodox, Coptic Orthodox, Armenian Orthodox, and Protestant denominations), Buddhist 0.4%, Hindu 0.1%, Jewish <0.1%, folk <0.1%, other <0.1%, unaffiliated <0.1% (2020 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth

1.06 male(s)/female

0-14 years

1.06 male(s)/female

15-64 years

1.13 male(s)/female

total population

1.1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

65 years and over

0.95 male(s)/female

Birth rate

21.9 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Death rate

3.5 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Median age

male

25.5 years

total

25.4 years (2025 est.)

female

24.4 years

Population

male

5,908,853

total

11,312,507 (2025 est.)

female

5,403,654

Nationality

noun

Jordanian(s)

adjective

Jordanian

Tobacco use

male

58.6% (2025 est.)

total

37.1% (2025 est.)

female

13.9% (2025 est.)

Urbanization

urban population

92% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization

0.98% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Age structure

0-14 years

30.9% (male 1,771,840/female 1,678,178)

15-64 years

64.9% (male 3,844,575/female 3,409,164)

65 years and over

4.2% (2024 est.) (male 228,564/female 241,703)

Ethnic groups

Jordanian 69.3%, Syrian 13.3%, Palestinian 6.7%, Egyptian 6.7%, Iraqi 1.4%, other 2.6% (2015 estimate)

Child marriage

men married by age 18

0.1% (2018)

women married by age 15

1.5% (2018)

women married by age 18

9.7% (2018)

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio

53.3 (2025 est.)

youth dependency ratio

46.6 (2025 est.)

potential support ratio

14.9 (2025 est.)

elderly dependency ratio

6.7 (2025 est.)

Physician density

2.85 physicians/1,000 population (2022)

Health expenditure

Health expenditure (as % of GDP)

7.3% of GDP (2021)

Health expenditure (as % of national budget)

7.6% of national budget (2022 est.)

Net migration rate

-1.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Hospital bed density

1.4 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)

Total fertility rate

2.83 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Drinking water source

improved: rural

rural: 97% of population (2022 est.)

improved: total

total: 99% of population (2022 est.)

improved: urban

urban: 99.1% of population (2022 est.)

unimproved: rural

rural: 3% of population (2022 est.)

unimproved: total

total: 1% of population (2022 est.)

unimproved: urban

urban: 0.9% of population (2022 est.)

Education expenditure

Education expenditure (% GDP)

3.5% of GDP (2023 est.)

Education expenditure (% national budget)

11.7% national budget (2024 est.)

Infant mortality rate

male

14.3 deaths/1,000 live births

total

12.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)

female

12.1 deaths/1,000 live births

Population growth rate

1.68% (2025 est.)

Gross reproduction rate

1.37 (2025 est.)

Population distribution

the population is primarily situated in the western region, especially in the northwest, surrounding the capital city of Amman; a significant, albeit smaller, population can be found in the southwest along the Gulf of Aqaba coastline

Life expectancy at birth

male

75 years

female

78.1 years

total population

76.5 years (2024 est.)

Maternal mortality ratio

31 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Sanitation facility access

improved: rural

rural: 97.9% of population (2022 est.)

improved: total

total: 98.8% of population (2022 est.)

improved: urban

urban: 98.9% of population (2022 est.)

unimproved: rural

rural: 2.1% of population (2022 est.)

unimproved: total

total: 1.2% of population (2022 est.)

unimproved: urban

urban: 1.1% of population (2022 est.)

Alcohol consumption per capita

beer

0.06 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

wine

0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

total

0.25 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

spirits

0.19 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

other alcohols

0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Major urban areas - population

2.232 million AMMAN (capital) (2023)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

35.5% (2016)

Mother's mean age at first birth

24.6 years (2017/18 est.)

Currently married women (ages 15-49)

56% (2018 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

2.5% (2023 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

male

13 years (2023 est.)

total

13 years (2023 est.)

female

14 years (2023 est.)

Environment

Climate

predominantly arid desert; wet season in the western region (November to April)

Land use

other

87.7% (2023 est.)

forest

0.8% (2023 est.)

agricultural land

11.5% (2023 est.)

agricultural land: arable land

arable land: 2.3% (2023 est.)

agricultural land: permanent crops

permanent crops: 0.9% (2023 est.)

agricultural land: permanent pasture

permanent pasture: 8.4% (2023 est.)

Urbanization

urban population

92% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization

0.98% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Methane emissions

other

0.6 kt (2019-2021 est.)

waste

188.2 kt (2019-2021 est.)

energy

12.2 kt (2022-2024 est.)

agriculture

25.4 kt (2019-2021 est.)

Waste and recycling

municipal solid waste generated annually

2.53 million tons (2024 est.)

percent of municipal solid waste recycled

14.6% (2022 est.)

Environmental issues

restricted natural freshwater supplies; decreasing water table; salinization; deforestation; excessive grazing; soil degradation; desertification; loss/damage to biodiversity and ecosystems

Total water withdrawal

municipal

497.37 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

industrial

36.88 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

agricultural

570.61 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions

total emissions

22.434 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

from consumed natural gas

8.544 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

from coal and metallurgical coke

627,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

from petroleum and other liquids

13.264 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Particulate matter emissions

26.3 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

Total renewable water resources

937 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

International environmental agreements

party to

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified

none of the selected agreements

Government

Flag

description: three equal horizontal stripes of black (top), white, and green; on the left side, there is a red isosceles triangle featuring a small white seven-pointed star at its center

meaning: black represents the Abbassid Caliphate, white denotes the Ummayyad Caliphate, and green symbolizes the Fatimid Caliphate; the triangle signifies the Great Arab Revolt of 1916, while the star's points correspond to the seven verses of the opening Sura (Al-Fatiha) of the Quran, as well as the faith in one God, humanity, national identity, humility, social justice, virtue, and aspirations

history: the design is inspired by the flag of the Arab Revolt during World War I

Capital

name

Amman

etymology

In the 13th century B.C., the Ammonites referred to their main city as Rabbath Ammon; rabbath signified "capital," indicating the name translated as "The Capital of [the] Ammon[ites];" with time, the name was abbreviated to Ammon, and subsequently to Amman

time difference

UTC+3 (8 hours in advance of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

geographic coordinates

31 57 N, 35 56 E

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Citizenship

citizenship by birth

citizenship by descent only

the father must be a citizen of Jordan

dual citizenship recognized

yes

residency requirement for naturalization

15 years

Constitution

history

previously 1928 (pre-independence); latest version initially adopted on 28 November 1947, revised and ratified on 1 January 1952

amendment process

constitutional amendments require at least a two-thirds majority vote of both the Senate and the House and ratification by the king

Country name

former

Transjordan

etymology

named after the Jordan River, which constitutes part of Jordan's northwest boundary; the origin of the river's name is uncertain, but it may derive from a local term meaning "river"

local long form

Al Mamlakah al Urduniyah al Hashimiyah

local short form

Al Urdun

conventional long form

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan

conventional short form

Jordan

Independence

25 May 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration)

Legal system

a mixed legal system evolved from codes of the Ottoman Empire (influenced by French law), British common law, and Islamic law

Government type

parliamentary constitutional monarchy

Judicial branch

highest court(s)

Court of Cassation or Supreme Court (comprising 15 members, including the chief justice); Constitutional Court (comprising 9 members)

subordinate courts

Courts of Appeal; Great Felonies Court; religious courts; military courts; juvenile courts; Land Settlement Courts; Income Tax Court; Higher Administrative Court; Customs Court; specialized courts including the State Security Court

judge selection and term of office

The chief justice of the Supreme Court is appointed by the king; other judges are nominated by the Judicial Council, an 11-member body of judicial policymakers made up of senior judicial officials and judges, and must be approved by the king; judges hold tenure without limits; members of the Constitutional Court are appointed by the king for non-renewable terms of 6 years, with one third of the members renewed every 2 years

Executive branch

cabinet

Cabinet appointed by the monarch in consultation with the prime minister

chief of state

King ABDALLAH II (since 7 February 1999)

head of government

Prime Minister Jafar HASSAN (since 15 September 2024)

election/appointment process

prime minister appointed by the monarch

National holiday

Independence Day, 25 May (1946)

National color(s)

black, white, green, red

National heritage

total World Heritage Sites

7 (6 cultural, 1 mixed)

selected World Heritage Site locales

Petra (c); Quseir Amra (c); Um er-Rasas (Kastrom Mefa'a) (c); Wadi Rum Protected Area (m); Baptism Site “Bethany Beyond the Jordan” (Al-Maghtas) (c); As-Salt - The Place of Tolerance and Urban Hospitality (c); Umm Al-Jimāl (c)

Political parties

'Azem
Blessed Land Party
Building and Labor Coalition
Eradah Party
Growth Party
Islamic Action Front or IAF
Jordanian al-Ansar Party
Jordanian al-Ghad Party
Jordanian Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party or JASBP
Jordanian Civil Democratic Party
Jordanian Communist Party or JCP
Jordanian Equality Party
Jordanian Democratic People's Party or HASD
Jordanian Democratic Popular Unity Party or JDPUP/Wihda
Jordanian Democratic Unionist Party
Jordanian Flame Party
Jordanian Future and Life Party
Jordanian Model Party
Jordanian National Integration Party
Jordanian National Loyalty Party
Jordanian Reform and Renewal Party or Hassad
Jordanian Shura Party
Jordanian Social Democratic Party or JSDP
Justice and Reform Party or JRP
Labor Party
National Charter Party
National Coalition Party
National Constitutional Party
National Current Party or NCP
National Islamic Party
National Union
Nationalist Movement Party or Hsq
New Path Party
Progress Party

Legislative branch

legislature name

National Assembly (Majlis Al-Umma)

legislative structure

bicameral

National anthem(s)

title

"As-salam al-malaki al-urdoni" (Long Live the King of Jordan)

history

adopted in 1946; the abbreviated version of the anthem is predominantly used; the complete version is reserved for special occasions

lyrics/music

Abdul-Mone'm al-RIFAI'/Abdul-Qader al-TANEER

National symbol(s)

eagle

Administrative divisions

12 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); 'Ajlun, Al 'Aqabah, Al Balqa', Al Karak, Al Mafraq, Al ‘Asimah (Amman), At Tafilah, Az Zarqa', Irbid, Jarash, Ma'an, Madaba

Legislative branch - lower chamber

chamber name

House of Representatives (Majlis Al-Nuwaab)

term in office

4 years

number of seats

138 (all directly elected)

electoral system

mixed system

scope of elections

full renewal

most recent election date

9/10/2024

expected date of next election

September 2028

percentage of women in chamber

19.6%

Legislative branch - upper chamber

chamber name

Senate (Majlis Al-Aayan)

term in office

4 years

number of seats

69 (all appointed)

scope of elections

full renewal

most recent election date

10/24/2024

expected date of next election

October 2028

percentage of women in chamber

14.5%

Diplomatic representation in the US

FAX

[1] (202) 966-3110

chancery

3504 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone

[1] (202) 966-2664

chief of mission

Ambassador Dina Khalil Tawfiq KAWAR (since 27 June 2016)

email address and website

[email protected]

http://www.jordanembassyus.org/

Diplomatic representation from the US

FAX

[962] (6) 592-0163

embassy

Abdoun, Al-Umawyeen St., Amman

telephone

[962] (6) 590-6000

mailing address

6050 Amman Place, Washington DC 20521-6050

chief of mission

Ambassador James HOLTSNIDER (since 7 December 2025)

email address and website

[email protected]

https://jo.usembassy.gov/

International organization participation

ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, CAEU, CD, CICA, EBRD, FAO, G-11, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM, NATO (partner), OIC, OPCW, OSCE (partner), PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

International law organization participation

has not submitted a declaration of ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Economy

Budget

revenues

$13.779 billion (2023 est.)

expenditures

$17.159 billion (2023 est.)

Exports

Exports 2021

$13.87 billion (2021 est.)

Exports 2022

$20.743 billion (2022 est.)

Exports 2023

$22.186 billion (2023 est.)

Imports

Imports 2021

$23.321 billion (2021 est.)

Imports 2022

$30.019 billion (2022 est.)

Imports 2023

$28.922 billion (2023 est.)

Industries

tourism, information technology, textiles, fertilizers, potash, phosphate extraction, pharmaceuticals, oil refining, cement, inorganic chemicals, light industry

Labor force

3.08 million (2024 est.)

Public debt

Public debt 2023

102.8% of GDP (2023 est.)

Remittances

Remittances 2021

11% of GDP (2021 est.)

Remittances 2022

10.1% of GDP (2022 est.)

Remittances 2023

8.8% of GDP (2023 est.)

Exchange rates

Currency

Jordanian dinars (JOD) per US dollar -

Exchange rates 2020

0.71 (2020 est.)

Exchange rates 2021

0.71 (2021 est.)

Exchange rates 2022

0.71 (2022 est.)

Exchange rates 2023

0.71 (2023 est.)

Exchange rates 2024

0.71 (2024 est.)

Debt - external

Debt - external 2023

$21.058 billion (2023 est.)

Economic overview

an upper-middle-income economy in the Middle East; characterized by significant debt and high unemployment rates, particularly among youth and women; affected by global events leading to a decline in trade and reduced tourism revenue; experiencing growth in manufacturing and agriculture sectors; a major recipient of US foreign aid; lacking in natural resources and reliant on imports

Unemployment rate

Unemployment rate 2022

18.2% (2022 est.)

Unemployment rate 2023

18% (2023 est.)

Unemployment rate 2024

18% (2024 est.)

Exports - partners

USA 21%, India 13%, Saudi Arabia 11%, China 7%, Iraq 6% (2023)

Imports - partners

China 17%, Saudi Arabia 14%, UAE 8%, India 6%, USA 5% (2023)

Real GDP per capita

Real GDP per capita 2022

$9,300 (2022 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2023

$9,400 (2023 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2024

$9,500 (2024 est.)

Real GDP growth rate

Real GDP growth rate 2022

2.6% (2022 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2023

2.9% (2023 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2024

2.5% (2024 est.)

Agricultural products

tomatoes, milk, chicken, potatoes, olives, cucumbers/gherkins, onions, chilies/peppers, peaches/nectarines, sheep milk (2023)

Exports - commodities

fertilizers, garments, phosphates, jewelry, phosphoric acid (2023)

Imports - commodities

automobiles, refined petroleum, gold, crude oil, jewelry (2023)

Current account balance

Current account balance 2021

-$3.718 billion (2021 est.)

Current account balance 2022

-$3.815 billion (2022 est.)

Current account balance 2023

-$1.91 billion (2023 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

17% (of GDP) (2023 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$53.352 billion (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use

household consumption

78.9% (2021 est.)

government consumption

15.8% (2021 est.)

investment in inventories

3% (2021 est.)

investment in fixed capital

22.2% (2021 est.)

exports of goods and services

30% (2021 est.)

imports of goods and services

-50.4% (2021 est.)

Population below poverty line

15.7% (2018 est.)

Average household expenditures

on food

25% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

on alcohol and tobacco

4.5% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022

4.2% (2022 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023

2.1% (2023 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024

1.6% (2024 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

3.7% (2024 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022

$104.307 billion (2022 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023

$107.315 billion (2023 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024

$109.986 billion (2024 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)

male

39.8% (2024 est.)

total

41.7% (2024 est.)

female

49.2% (2024 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022

$18.198 billion (2022 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023

$19.069 billion (2023 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024

$21.939 billion (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

industry

25.1% (2024 est.)

services

60.4% (2024 est.)

agriculture

5.1% (2024 est.)

Energy

Coal

imports

110,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

consumption

269,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

Petroleum

total petroleum production

20 bbl/day (2023 est.)

crude oil estimated reserves

1 million barrels (2021 est.)

refined petroleum consumption

97,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

Electricity

exports

162.93 million kWh (2023 est.)

imports

383.073 million kWh (2023 est.)

consumption

20.31 billion kWh (2023 est.)

installed generating capacity

6.891 million kW (2023 est.)

transmission/distribution losses

2.472 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Natural gas

exports

375.998 million cubic meters (2018 est.)

imports

4.865 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

production

200.004 million cubic meters (2023 est.)

consumption

5.441 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

proven reserves

6.031 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)

Electricity access

electrification - rural areas

98.9%

electrification - urban areas

100%

electrification - total population

100% (2022 est.)

Energy consumption per capita

Total energy consumption per capita 2023

32.909 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Electricity generation sources

wind

7.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

solar

15.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

fossil fuels

76.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

hydroelectricity

0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Communications

Internet users

percent of population

93% (2023 est.)

Broadcast media

The government-owned Jordan Radio and Television Corporation (JRTV) is the principal entity overseeing radio and television in Jordan, operating a primary network, a sports channel, a film channel, and a satellite service. The first independent television broadcaster was launched in 2007. Viewers have access to international satellite television as well as broadcasts from Israeli and Syrian channels. Additionally, there are approximately 30 radio stations, and transmissions from various international radio broadcasters can be received.

Internet country code

.jo

Telephones - fixed lines

total subscriptions

451,000 (2023 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

4 (2023 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

total subscriptions

8.05 million (2024 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

70 (2024 est.)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

total

805,000 (2023 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

7 (2023 est.)

Transportation

Ports

large

small

medium

key ports

Al Aqabah

very small

total ports

1 (2024)

ports with oil terminals

Airports

18 (2025)

Railways

total

509 km (2020)

narrow gauge

509 km (2014) 1.050-m gauge

Heliports

6 (2025)

Merchant marine

total

34 (2023)

by type

general cargo 5, other 29

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Military & Security

Military - note

The Jordanian Armed Forces (JAF) hold the responsibility for national defense and border protection, while also playing a supportive role in maintaining internal security. Their primary concerns encompass regional conflicts, instability, and non-conventional threats such as terrorism and arms trafficking. The JAF engages in both bilateral and multinational military exercises, participates in United Nations peacekeeping missions, and has been involved in regional military operations alongside international troops in Afghanistan, Syria, and Yemen.

The United States serves as a pivotal security ally, and Jordan ranks as one of the foremost recipients of U.S. military assistance within the region. Collaborative efforts with the U.S. address various issues including border security, arms transfers, cybersecurity, and counterterrorism strategies. Jordan is recognized as a Major Non-NATO Ally under U.S. law, a classification that grants foreign partners specific advantages in defense trade and security collaboration (2025)

Military deployments

140 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) (2025)

Military expenditures

Military Expenditures 2020

5% of GDP (2020 est.)

Military Expenditures 2021

5% of GDP (2021 est.)

Military Expenditures 2022

4.8% of GDP (2022 est.)

Military Expenditures 2023

4.5% of GDP (2023 est.)

Military Expenditures 2024

4.5% of GDP (2024 est.)

Military and security forces

Jordanian Armed Forces (JAF; also known as the Arab Army): comprising the Jordanian Army (which includes the Jordanian Ground Forces, Special Operations Forces, Border Guards, and the Royal Guard), the Jordanian Air Force, and the Jordanian Navy.

Ministry of Interior: Public Security Directorate (which includes the national police, the Gendarmerie, and the Civil Defense Directorate) (2025)

Military service age and obligation

Individuals aged 17 and above may voluntarily enlist in military service, applicable to both men and women. The initial commitment spans 24 months, while selective compulsory military service (lasting 3 months) for males reaching 18 will be reinstated in 2026. Additionally, compulsory military service for unemployed men aged 25-29 was reinstated in 2020, requiring a total of 12 months, which consists of 3 months of military training followed by 9 months of vocational and technical training (2025)

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions

The equipment inventory of the JAF largely consists of older or used assets acquired from China, several European nations, certain Gulf States, Russia, and the United States (2025)