CapitalYerevan
Population2,963,837
Area29,743 km²
GDP per capita$20,100
LanguagesArmenian, Russian, Ezidian
Currencydrams
Life Expectancy76.7 yr
Governmentparliamentary democracy; note - amendments to the constitution adopted in December 2015 changed the government structure to a parliamentary system
Introduction
Background
Armenia takes pride in being the inaugural nation to officially embrace Christianity, a milestone occurring in the early 4th century. Throughout its existence as a political entity spanning centuries, Armenia has often found itself under the influence of numerous empires, such as the Roman, Byzantine, Arab, Persian, Ottoman, and Russian. During World War I, the Ottoman Empire implemented a policy of forced relocation, which, combined with other oppressive measures against its Armenian population, led to a minimum of 1 million fatalities; these events are widely acknowledged as acts of genocide. In the early 19th century, large Armenian communities came under Russian dominion. Armenia proclaimed its independence in 1918 following the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia; however, it was overtaken by the Soviet Red Army in 1920. Armenia, along with Azerbaijan and Georgia, was initially integrated into the USSR as part of the Transcaucasian Federated Soviet Socialist Republic; in 1936, this republic was divided into its three individual components, a structure that persisted until the Soviet Union's dissolution in 1991.
For more than thirty years, Armenia has been embroiled in a protracted conflict with neighboring Azerbaijan regarding the Nagorno-Karabakh region, which has historically been home to a mixed population of Armenians and Azerbaijanis, although ethnic Armenians have made up the majority since the late 19th century. In 1921, Nagorno-Karabakh was designated by Moscow as an autonomous oblast within Soviet Azerbaijan. A separatist movement emerged during the later years of the Soviet era, aiming to terminate Azerbaijani governance over the region. Hostilities concerning Nagorno-Karabakh commenced in 1988 and intensified after Armenia and Azerbaijan declared their independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. By the time a cease-fire was established in 1994, Armenian-backed separatists had taken control of Nagorno-Karabakh and seven adjacent Azerbaijani territories. A second military confrontation between Armenia and Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh occurred in 2020, resulting in Armenia losing much of the territory it had previously held, including the southern section of Nagorno-Karabakh and the surrounding areas, which were returned to Azerbaijan. In September 2023, Azerbaijan initiated military operations to reassert control over Nagorno-Karabakh; after a one-day armed conflict, the vast majority of the ethnic Armenian population in Nagorno-Karabakh sought refuge in Armenia.
In 1993, Turkey closed its border with Armenia in support of Azerbaijan during the initial conflict period and has since kept the border closed, resulting in Armenia having restricted borders to the west (with Turkey) and east (with Azerbaijan). In 2009, Armenia and Turkey engaged in extensive diplomatic efforts to normalize relations and open the border; however, the resulting agreement was not ratified by either nation. In 2015, Armenia became a member of the Eurasian Economic Union alongside Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan. In 2017, Armenia entered into a Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement (CEPA) with the European Union.
In 2018, former Armenian President Serzh SARGSIAN, who served from 2008 to 2018 and was affiliated with the Republican Party of Armenia (RPA), attempted to extend his tenure, which incited protests known as the “Velvet Revolution.” Following SARGSIAN's resignation, the National Assembly appointed Nikol PASHINYAN, the leader of the protests and head of the Civil Contract party, as the new prime minister. PASHINYAN’s party has triumphed in subsequent legislative elections, most recently in 2021.
Geography
Area
land
28,203 sq km
water
1,540 sq km
total
29,743 sq km
Climate
characterized by a highland continental climate, featuring hot summers and cold winters
Terrain
The Armenian Highland is marked by mountainous terrain; it has limited forest cover; features swift rivers; and possesses fertile soil in the Aras River valley
Land use
other
13.5% (2023 est.)
forest
11.8% (2023 est.)
agricultural land
58.6% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 15.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 2.2% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 41.5% (2023 est.)
Location
Located in Southwestern Asia, bordered by Turkey to the west and Azerbaijan; Armenia considers itself a part of Europe; geopolitically, it can be categorized as belonging to Europe, the Middle East, or both
Coastline
0 km (landlocked)
Elevation
lowest point
Debed River 400 m
highest point
Aragats Lerrnagagat' 4,090 m
mean elevation
1,792 m
Irrigated land
1,559 sq km (2022)
Map references
Asia
Land boundaries
total
1,570 km
border countries
Azerbaijan 996 km; Georgia 219 km; Iran 44 km; Turkey 311 km
Maritime claims
none (landlocked)
Natural hazards
experiences occasional severe earthquakes and droughts
Geography - note
landlocked within the Lesser Caucasus Mountains; Lake Sevan, known as Sevana Lich, is the largest lake in this range
Natural resources
contains minor deposits of gold, copper, molybdenum, zinc, and bauxite
Area - comparative
slightly less extensive than the state of Maryland
Geographic coordinates
40 00 N, 45 00 E
Population distribution
a significant portion of the population resides in the northern region; the capital city, Yerevan, has a population more than five times that of Gyumri, the nation's second-largest city
Major lakes (area sq km)
fresh water lake(s)
Lake Sevan - 1,360 sq km
People & Society
Literacy
male
99.8% (2023 est.)
female
99.9% (2023 est.)
total population
99.8% (2023 est.)
Languages
Languages
Armenian 97.2%, Russian 1.4%, Ezidian 1.0%; other and unknown comprise less than 1% (2022)
major-language sample(s)
Աշխարհի Փաստագիրք, Անփոխարինելի Աղբյւր Հիմնական Տեղեկատվւթյան. (Armenian)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions
Armenian Apostolic 95.2%, not stated 1.7%; less than 1%: Catholic, no religion, Evangelical, Shar-fadinian, other, Armenian Orthodox, Jehovah's Witness, Pagan, Molokan (2022 est.)
Sex ratio
at birth
1.07 male(s)/female
0-14 years
1.1 male(s)/female
15-64 years
0.99 male(s)/female
total population
0.96 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
65 years and over
0.71 male(s)/female
Birth rate
10.24 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
9.6 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Median age
male
37.6 years
total
39.5 years (2025 est.)
female
40.3 years
Population
male
1,451,842
total
2,963,837 (2025 est.)
female
1,511,995
Nationality
noun
Armenian(s)
adjective
Armenian
Tobacco use
male
47.6% (2025 est.)
total
21.5% (2025 est.)
female
1.6% (2025 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
63.7% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
0.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years
17.7% (male 275,589/female 250,630)
15-64 years
67% (male 991,490/female 1,004,101)
65 years and over
15.3% (2024 est.) (male 189,336/female 265,619)
Ethnic groups
Armenian 98.1%, Yezidi 1.1%; other, Russian, Assyrian, Kurd, Ukrainian, and Greek each constitute less than 1% (2022 estimate)
Child marriage
men married by age 18
0.4% (2016)
women married by age 15
0% (2016)
women married by age 18
5.3% (2016)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio
50.4 (2025 est.)
youth dependency ratio
26.1 (2025 est.)
potential support ratio
4.1 (2025 est.)
elderly dependency ratio
24.3 (2025 est.)
Physician density
3.36 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
12.3% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
6.5% of national budget (2022 est.)
Net migration rate
-5.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Hospital bed density
4.6 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)
Total fertility rate
1.66 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Drinking water source
improved: rural
rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Education expenditure
Education expenditure (% GDP)
2.4% of GDP (2023 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget)
8.7% national budget (2025 est.)
Infant mortality rate
male
13.1 deaths/1,000 live births
total
11.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
female
10 deaths/1,000 live births
Population growth rate
-0.45% (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.8 (2025 est.)
Population distribution
the majority of the populace resides in the northern region of the nation; Yerevan, the capital, has more than five times the population of Gyumri, which is the second-largest city in the country
Life expectancy at birth
male
73.4 years
female
80.1 years
total population
76.7 years (2024 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
19 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Sanitation facility access
improved: rural
rural: 84.6% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 94.4% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 15.4% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 5.6% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita
beer
0.52 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine
0.46 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
total
3.77 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits
2.78 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols
0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Major urban areas - population
1.095 million YEREVAN (capital) (2023)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
20.2% (2016)
Mother's mean age at first birth
25.2 years (2019 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
61.5% (2022 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
2.6% (2016 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
male
14 years (2023 est.)
total
14 years (2023 est.)
female
14 years (2023 est.)
Environment
Climate
highland continental climate characterized by warm summers and frigid winters
Land use
other
13.5% (2023 est.)
forest
11.8% (2023 est.)
agricultural land
58.6% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 15.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 2.2% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 41.5% (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population
63.7% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization
0.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually
492,800 tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled
13.5% (2022 est.)
Environmental issues
contamination of soil due to hazardous substances; loss of forest cover; pollution of waterways; risks to potable water sources arising from hydropower utilization; nuclear facility situated in a seismic area
Total water withdrawal
municipal
542 million cubic meters (2022)
industrial
150 million cubic meters (2022)
agricultural
2.38 billion cubic meters (2022)
Carbon dioxide emissions
total emissions
7.144 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas
5.162 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke
48,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids
1.934 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
28.4 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Total renewable water resources
7.769 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
International environmental agreements
party to
Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified
Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
Government
Flag
description: three horizontal stripes of equal size in red (top), blue, and orange
meaning: red symbolizes the blood spilled for freedom, blue represents the Armenian skies and aspirations, while orange signifies the land and the bravery of the laborers who cultivate it
Capital
name
Yerevan
etymology
the origin of the name is uncertain; it may come from a local ethnic group or from the ancient fortress of Erebuni, which was constructed on the site of present-day Yerevan in 782 B.C.
time difference
UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
geographic coordinates
40 10 N, 44 30 E
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Citizenship
citizenship by birth
no
citizenship by descent only
at least one parent must be a citizen of Armenia
dual citizenship recognized
yes
residency requirement for naturalization
3 years
Constitution
history
previous 1915, 1978; latest adopted 5 July 1995
amendment process
initiatives can be proposed by either the president of the republic or the National Assembly; for a proposal to pass, it must receive approval from the president, the National Assembly, and a referendum that includes participation from at least 25% of registered voters and over 50% of votes; constitutional provisions regarding the government structure and democratic processes are immutable
Country name
former
Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, Armenian Republic
etymology
the derivation of the nation's name is still not clear; tradition holds that the local designation, Hayastan, originates from Hayk, the mythical forefather of the Armenians and a great-great-grandson of Noah; the name Armenia is first documented in a rock inscription dating back to A.D. 521 in what is now Iran
local long form
Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun
local short form
Hayastan
conventional long form
Republic of Armenia
conventional short form
Armenia
Independence
21 September 1991 (independence from the Soviet Union); significant earlier milestones include: 321 B.C. (the establishment of the Kingdom of Armenia under the Orontid Dynasty), A.D. 884 (the reestablishment of the Armenian Kingdom under the Bagratid Dynasty); 1198 (the formation of the Cilician Kingdom); 28 May 1918 (the declaration of the Democratic Republic of Armenia)
Legal system
civil law framework
Government type
parliamentary democracy; note - amendments to the constitution adopted in December 2015 changed the government structure to a parliamentary system
Judicial branch
highest court(s)
Court of Cassation or Appeals Court (comprises a Criminal Chamber with a chairman and 5 judges, and a Civil and Administrative Chamber with a chairman and 10 judges – specializing in both civil and administrative matters); Constitutional Court (composed of 9 judges)
subordinate courts
courts for criminal and civil appeals; administrative appellate courts; initial instance courts; specialized administrative and bankruptcy courts
judge selection and term of office
judges of the Court of Cassation are nominated by the Supreme Judicial Council, a body consisting of 10 selected judges and legal experts; judges are appointed by the president and can serve until the age of 65; judges of the Constitutional Court - 4 are appointed by the president, and 5 are elected by the National Assembly; they can serve until the age of 70
Executive branch
cabinet
Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
chief of state
President Vahagn KHACHATURYAN (since 13 March 2022)
election results
2022: Vahagn KHACHATURYAN elected president in second round; note - Vahagn KHACHATURYAN (independent) ran unopposed and won the Assembly vote 71-0
2018: Armen SARKISSIAN elected president in first round; note - Armen SARKISSIAN (indpendent) ran unopposed and won the Assembly vote 90-10
head of government
Prime Minister Nikol PASHINYAN (since 10 September 2021)
most recent election date
3 March 2022
election/appointment process
the president is indirectly elected by the National Assembly in up to 3 rounds, if necessary, for a single term of 7 years; the prime minister is indirectly elected by a majority vote in two rounds, if required, by the National Assembly
expected date of next election
2029
National holiday
Independence Day, 21 September (1991)
National color(s)
red, blue, orange
National heritage
total World Heritage Sites
3 (3 cultural)
selected World Heritage Site locales
Monasteries of Haghpat and Sanahin; Monastery of Geghard and the Upper Azat Valley; Cathedral and Churches of Echmiatsin
Political parties
Armenia Alliance or HD
Armenian National Congress or ANC
Bright Armenia or BA
Civil Contract or KP
Hanrapetutyun Party or HP
Heritage
I Have Honor Alliance (formerly known as the Republican Party of Armenia) PUD
Orinats Yerkir or OY
Prosperous Armenia or PAP
Legislative branch
term in office
5 years
number of seats
107 (all directly elected)
electoral system
proportional representation
legislature name
National Assembly (Azgayin Zhoghov)
scope of elections
full renewal
legislative structure
unicameral
most recent election date
6/20/2021
expected date of next election
June 2026
percentage of women in chamber
38.3%
parties elected and seats per party
Civil Contract Party (71); Armenia Alliance (29); I Have the Honour Alliance (7)
National anthem(s)
title
"Mer Hayrenik" (Our Fatherland)
history
adopted in 1991; based on the anthem of the Democratic Republic of Armenia (1918-1922), but featuring different lyrics
lyrics/music
Mikael NALBANDIAN/Barsegh KANACHYAN
National symbol(s)
Mount Ararat, eagle, lion
Administrative divisions
11 provinces (marzer, singular - marz); Aragatsotn, Ararat, Armavir, Geghark'unik', Kotayk', Lorri, Shirak, Syunik', Tavush, Vayots' Dzor, Yerevan
Diplomatic representation in the US
FAX
[1] (202) 319-2982
chancery
2225 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone
[1] (202) 319-1976
chief of mission
Ambassador Narek MKRTCHYAN (since 19 September 2025)
consulate(s) general
Glendale (CA)
email address and website
[email protected]
https://usa.mfa.am/en/
Diplomatic representation from the US
FAX
[374] (10) 464-742
embassy
1 American Ave., Yerevan 0082
telephone
[374] (10) 464-700
mailing address
7020 Yerevan Place, Washington, DC 20521-7020
chief of mission
Ambassador Kristina A. KVIEN (since 21 February 2023)
email address and website
[email protected]
https://am.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
ADB, BSEC, CD, CE, CIS, CSTO, EAEC (observer), EAEU, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
International law organization participation
has not submitted a declaration of jurisdiction to the ICJ; not a party state to the ICCt
Economy
Budget
revenues
$5.812 billion (2023 est.)
expenditures
$6.27 billion (2023 est.)
Exports
Exports 2022
$10.118 billion (2022 est.)
Exports 2023
$14.338 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2024
$18.618 billion (2024 est.)
Imports
Imports 2022
$10.265 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2023
$14.532 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2024
$19.087 billion (2024 est.)
Industries
brandy, mining, diamond processing, metal-cutting machine tools, forging and pressing machines, electric motors, knitted apparel, hosiery, footwear, silk fabric, chemicals, trucks, instruments, microelectronics, jewelry, software, food processing
Labor force
1.51 million (2024 est.)
Public debt
Public debt 2023
48.3% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances
Remittances 2022
10.4% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2023
6% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2024
4.6% of GDP (2024 est.)
Exchange rates
Currency
drams (AMD) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2020
489.009 (2020 est.)
Exchange rates 2021
503.77 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2022
435.666 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2023
392.476 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2024
392.73 (2024 est.)
Debt - external
Debt - external 2023
$6.002 billion (2023 est.)
Economic overview
upper-middle-income, rapidly expanding economy in the Caucasus; possesses a stable fiscal and monetary environment but is susceptible to geopolitical disturbances; has economic and energy connections with Russia while aiming to enhance trade with the EU and the US; significant exporter of copper and gold; implements business-friendly and anti-corruption measures; faces ongoing unemployment challenges; a decrease in migrant influx from the Ukraine conflict is noted
Unemployment rate
Unemployment rate 2022
13.4% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023
13.3% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2024
13.4% (2024 est.)
Exports - partners
Russia 37%, UAE 25%, Hong Kong 7%, China 5%, Georgia 4% (2023)
Imports - partners
Russia 29%, China 12%, Vietnam 6%, Georgia 5%, Iran 4% (2023)
Real GDP per capita
Real GDP per capita 2022
$17,900 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023
$19,400 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2024
$20,100 (2024 est.)
Real GDP growth rate
Real GDP growth rate 2022
12.6% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023
8.3% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2024
5.9% (2024 est.)
Agricultural products
milk, potatoes, grapes, vegetables, wheat, tomatoes, watermelons, apricots, apples, barley (2023)
Exports - commodities
gold, diamonds, copper ore, broadcasting equipment, jewelry (2023)
Imports - commodities
cars, gold, diamonds, broadcasting equipment, natural gas (2023)
Current account balance
Current account balance 2022
$64.725 million (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2023
-$556.329 million (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2024
-$997.086 million (2024 est.)
Taxes and other revenues
22.5% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate)
$25.787 billion (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use
household consumption
66.5% (2024 est.)
government consumption
10.7% (2024 est.)
investment in inventories
0.5% (2024 est.)
investment in fixed capital
21.7% (2024 est.)
exports of goods and services
76.3% (2024 est.)
imports of goods and services
-75.8% (2024 est.)
Population below poverty line
24.8% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
8.6% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
2% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024
0.3% (2024 est.)
Industrial production growth rate
6.2% (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$53.108 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$57.516 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$60.909 billion (2024 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
male
24.8% (2024 est.)
total
26.2% (2024 est.)
female
27.9% (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022
$4.112 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023
$3.607 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024
$3.685 billion (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
industry
23.2% (2024 est.)
services
61.5% (2024 est.)
agriculture
7.9% (2024 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share
lowest 10%
4% (2023 est.)
highest 10%
22.9% (2023 est.)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2023
27.2 (2023 est.)
Energy
Coal
exports
24 metric tons (2023 est.)
imports
23,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
production
300 metric tons (2023 est.)
consumption
19,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
proven reserves
317 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Petroleum
refined petroleum consumption
15,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Electricity
exports
1.3 billion kWh (2023 est.)
imports
194.045 million kWh (2023 est.)
consumption
7.012 billion kWh (2023 est.)
installed generating capacity
4.265 million kW (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses
530.327 million kWh (2023 est.)
Natural gas
imports
2.631 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
consumption
2.631 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Nuclear energy
Number of operational nuclear reactors
1 (2025)
Percent of total electricity production
31.1% (2023 est.)
Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors
0.42GW (2025 est.)
Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down
1 (2025)
Electricity access
electrification - total population
100% (2022 est.)
Energy consumption per capita
Total energy consumption per capita 2023
54.689 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources
solar
8.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
nuclear
29% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
fossil fuels
43% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectricity
19% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Communications
Internet users
percent of population
80% (2023 est.)
Broadcast media
A state-operated Public Television network functions in conjunction with 100 privately owned television stations, delivering local to nearly nationwide coverage; three Russian television companies are transmitted under interstate agreements; subscription-based cable television services are accessible in the majority of regions; several prominent international broadcasters, such as CNN, are available; Armenia's transition from analog to digital broadcasting was completed by its television service in 2016; Public Radio of Armenia is a national, government-operated broadcasting network that runs alongside 18 privately owned radio stations (2024)
Internet country code
.am
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions
297,000 (2024 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
10 (2024 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions
4.01 million (2024 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
135 (2024 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total
546,000 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
19 (2023 est.)
Transportation
Airports
11 (2025)
Railways
total
686 km (2017)
Heliports
1 (2025)
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
EK
Military & Security
Military - note
The Armenian Armed Forces were formally created in 1992, though their roots trace back to 1918. The contemporary military's objectives encompass deterrence, defense of territory, management of crises, humanitarian aid, disaster response, and socio-economic development initiatives. Its principal emphasis is on territorial defense, especially regarding ongoing tensions with neighboring Azerbaijan. Armenia and Azerbaijan participated in open conflicts over the contested Nagorno-Karabakh region during the years 1991-94 and again in 2020. In 2023, Azerbaijan took control of the entire enclave.
Historically, Armenia has maintained strong military connections with Russia. Since 1994, it has been a participant in the Russian-led Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and had deployed troops to the CSTO's rapid reaction force until it halted its participation in 2024. Armenia's relationship with NATO dates back to 1992 when it became a member of the North Atlantic Cooperation Council. In 1994, Armenia joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program and has provided contributions to the NATO force in Kosovo, as well as to the previous NATO presence in Afghanistan (2025).
Military expenditures
Military Expenditures 2020
5% of GDP (2020 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021
4.4% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022
4.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2023
5.5% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2024
5.5% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military and security forces
Armenian Republic Armed Forces: Armenian Army (comprising land, air, and air defense forces) (2025).
Military service age and obligation
The age for voluntary (both men and women), contract (both men and women), or compulsory (men) military service is 18-27. Contract military service lasts between 3 to 12 months or can extend up to 5 years. Conscripts serve for a period of 24 months. All citizens aged 27-50 are registered in the military reserve and may be summoned to serve if mobilization is declared (2025).
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
The military's arsenal predominantly consists of equipment from Russia and the Soviet era; however, in recent years, Armenia has sought military hardware from countries beyond Russia, including France and India (2025).
Military and security service personnel strengths
There are approximately 40-50,000 active members of the Armenian Armed Forces (2025).
Transnational Issues
Refugees and internally displaced persons
IDPs
4 (2024 est.)
refugees
145,354 (2024 est.)
stateless persons
373 (2024 est.)
